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Dissimilar Impact of a Mediterranean Diet and Physical Activity on Anthropometric Indices: A Cross-Sectional Study from the ILERVAS Project.

Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital, Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism (ODIM) Research Group, IRBLleida, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain. ma.san.pe.88@gmail.com. Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital, Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism (ODIM) Research Group, IRBLleida, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain. esanchez@irblleida.cat. Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital, Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism (ODIM) Research Group, IRBLleida, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain. martahernandezg@gmail.com. Respiratory Department, Arnau de Vilanova-Santa María University Hospital, Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine, IRBLleida, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain. jegonzalez.lleida.ics@gencat.cat. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain. jegonzalez.lleida.ics@gencat.cat. Stroke Unit, Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital, Clinical Neurosciences Group, IRBLleida, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain. fpurroygarcia@gmail.com. Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital, Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism (ODIM) Research Group, IRBLleida, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain. frius.lleida.ics@gencat.cat. Department of Experimental Medicina, IRBLleida, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain. reinald.pamplona@mex.udl.cat. Applied Epidemiology Research Group, IRB Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain. cfarras.lleida.ics@gencat.cat. Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Lleida. Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), 08006 Barcelona, Spain. cfarras.lleida.ics@gencat.cat. Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital, Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism (ODIM) Research Group, IRBLleida, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain. liligutierrezc@gmail.com. Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, IRBLleida, RedinRen-ISCIII, 25198 Lleida, Spain. elvirafgiraldez@gmail.com. Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, IRBLleida, RedinRen-ISCIII, 25198 Lleida, Spain. mbermudez@irblleida.cat. Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain. jsalvador@unav.es. Human Nutrition Unit, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Rovira i Virgili University, 43201 Reus, Spain. jsalvador@unav.es. Human Nutrition Unit, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Rovira i Virgili University, 43201 Reus, Spain. jordi.salas@urv.cat. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain. jordi.salas@urv.cat. Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital, Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism (ODIM) Research Group, IRBLleida, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain. alecube.lleida.ics@gencat.cat. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain. alecube.lleida.ics@gencat.cat.

Nutrients. 2019;(6)
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Abstract

There is a close relationship between lifestyle behaviors and excess adiposity. Although body mass index (BMI) is the most used approach to estimate excess weight, other anthropometric indices have been developed to measure total body and abdominal adiposity. However, little is known about the impact of physical activity and adherence to a Mediterranean diet on these indices. Here we report the results of a cross-sectional study with 6672 middle-aged subjects with low to moderate cardiovascular risk from the Ilerda Vascular (ILERVAS) project. The participants' adherence to physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire short form) and MedDiet (Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener) was evaluated. Measures of total adiposity (BMI, Clínica Universidad de Navarra-Body Adiposity Estimator (CUN-BAE), and Deurenberg's formula), central adiposity (waist and neck circumferences, conicity index, waist to height ratio, Bonora's equation, A body adiposity index, and body roundness index), and lean body mass (Hume formula) were assessed. Irrespective of sex, lower indices of physical activity were associated with higher values of total body fat and central adiposity. This result was constant regardless of the indices used to estimate adiposity. However, the association between MedDiet and obesity indices was much less marked and more dependent on sex than that observed for physical activity. Lean body mass was influenced by neither physical activity nor MedDiet adherence. No joint effect between physical activity and MedDiet to lower estimated total or central adiposity indices was shown. In conclusion, physical activity is related to lower obesity indices in a large cohort of middle-aged subjects. MedDiet showed a slight impact on estimated anthropometric indices, with no joint effect when considering both lifestyle variables. ClinTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03228459.